Project Integration Management and Core Functionalities

Project Integration Management (6 activities)

• Big picture
• Strategic planning:
  • SWOT => potential projects
  • Project selection => project implementation (develop, implement, close-out)
• Project selection: need focusing, categorizing, w.scoring model, financial analysis (NPV, ROI)
• Integration Managment Activities
  • Develop project charter: overview, milestones, budget, PM, objectives, criteria, approach, HR
  • Project management plan: process, tools/techniques, work implementation, change management, CM, project lifecycle, subsidiary plan (scope, schedule, cost, quality, HR, comm, risk, procurement)
  • Direct & manage project execution;
  • Monitoring & controlling project work;
  • Integrated change control
  • Closing

Project Scope Management (6 activities)

• Plan scope management
• Collect requirements:
  • Product requirement (must-do & must-have)
  • User requirements: what users need to do their jobs
  • Process requirement: constraints on the development of the product
  • Req. engineering process: elicit => analyze => SRS develop => validate
    • Analyzing: process / data flow / state diagrams, ERD/ERA, rapid prototyping
    • URD => SRS; SRS & RTM (Requirement Traceability Matrix)
    • Validation: review, test prototypes, develop test scenarios
  • Methods: document analysis, brainstorming, facilitated meeting, interviewing, workshop, prototyping, scenario
• Define scope: scope ≠ deliverable
• Creating the WBS (WBS, WBS dictionary, work package, scope baseline);
• Validate scope
• Control scope:
  • Change management: problem => problem analysis & change spec => change analysis & costing => change implementation => revised requirements

Project Time Management (7 activities)

• Plan schedule management
• Define activities: task/activities ≠ milestones
• Sequence activities

–Task dependencies: mandatory, discretionary, external

–Task relationships: FS, SS, FF, SF

• Estimate activity resources
• Estimate activity durations:

– duration ≠ effort;

– three-point estimate
+ Expected: (P+4M+O)/6
+ Standard Deviation: (P-O)/6
+ Variance: (P-O*O)/6

• Develop schedule:

–Gantt chart ~ task, summary tasks, duration, completion rate, dependencies, critical path

–Milestone: SMART (Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, Time-framed); early, small

–Shorten schedule: more resource / less scope, crashing (least cost),  fast-tracking (risk)

• Control schedule

–Over schedule: xong trước thời hạn (sớm)

–Behind schedule: xong sau thời hạn (muộn)

Project Cost Management (4 activities)

• Principles: profit, profit margin, cash flow, tangible / intangible / direct / indirect / sunk costs, learning curve theory, reserves (contingency, mgnt)
• Plan cost management
• Estimating Costs:

–Steps: clarify requirement => estimate => compare & finalize

–Size (functionality, LOC) + effort (mds) + schedule estimate => cost estimate

–Over & under estimation

• Determining the budget: cost + reserves => budget; cost baseline => time-phased budget
• Controlling costs: EVM: PV, AC, EV

Project Quality Management (3 activities)

• Quality:
  • Conformance to requirements (product, process),
  • Fitness for use (product can be used as intended
• Plan quality management
  • Quality data: defect, leakage, customer complaint, Customer survey point
  • Quality indicators: defect/leakage rate, defect distribution, customer satisfaction, etc.
• Perform quality assurance
  • Quality assurance: review, training, facilitation, DP, etc.
  • Benchmarking: comparing to specific project practices or product characteristics outside
  • Quality audit: identify lessons learned that could improve performance (current/next projects)
• Control quality
  • Ensure that all quality requirements are being met ~ defect detection: testing
  • 7 QC tools: Fishborn, QC chart, Run chart, Scatter diagram, Histogram, Pareto, Flow chart
  • Types of testing: UT, IT, ST, UAT
• Cost of Quality

Quality cost (QCost) = Prevention cost (PCost) + Appraisal cost (ACost) + Correction cost (CCost)

Where:

PCost = (Training effort + Defect prevention effort)/Total effort,

ACost = (Technical review effort + Test effort + QA effort)/Total effort

CCost: indicates cost of correcting a defective product and the associated rework/damage costs

= (Effort Usage on Technical Rework/Total Effort Usage)*100%

where

– Effort Usage on Technical rework is effort spent on “Engineering processes” with Type = Correct

– Engineering processes are: Requirement, Design, Coding, Deployment, Customer Support, Testing